Python中五种不同解析库的应用与提取速度对比

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t= time.time() selector = Selector(text=text) for i in range(1,500): for l in selector.css(‘div.news_list>ul>li’): print(l.css(‘a::text’).get()) print(l.css(‘span::text’).get()) print(l.css(‘a::attr(href)’).get()) css_parse = time.time()-t print(‘css_parse用时：’,css_parse) 第一次第二次第三次

t= time.time() selector = Selector(text=text) for i in range(1,500): for l in selector.xpath(‘//div[@class = “news_list zy_listbox”]/ul/li’): print(l.xpath(‘.//a/text()’).get()) print(l.xpath(‘.//span/text()’).get()) print(l.xpath(‘.//a/@href’).get()) scrapy_xpath_parse = time.time()-t print(‘scrapy_xpath_parse用时：’,scrapy_xpath_parse) 第一次第二次第三次

t= time.time() selector = etree.HTML(text) for i in range(1,500): for l in selector.xpath(‘//div[@class = “news_list zy_listbox”]/ul/li’): print(l.xpath(‘.//a/text()’)[0]) print(l.xpath(‘.//span/text()’)[0]) print(l.xpath(‘.//a/@href’)[0]) xpath_parse = time.time()-t print(‘xpath_parse用时：’,xpath_parse) 第一次第二次第三次

t = time.time() soup = BeautifulSoup(text, ‘html.parser’) news_list = soup.select(‘div.news_list.zy_listbox ul li’) for i in range(1,500): for l in news_list: print( l.select_one(‘a’).get_text(strip=True)) print(l.select_one(‘span’).get_text(strip=True)) print(l.select_one(‘a’)[‘href’]) bs_parse = time.time() – t print(‘bs_parse用时：’,bs_parse ) 第一次第二次第三次

t = time.time() li = re.findall(‘ <li>·.*?</li>’,text) for l in range(1,500): for i in li: print(re.search(‘>(.*?)</a>’,i).group(1)) print(re.search(‘(.*?)’,i).group(1)) print(re.search(‘<a href=”(.*?)” rel=”external nofollow” rel=”external nofollow” >’,i).group(1)) re_time = time.time()-t print(‘re：’,re_time ) 第一次第二次第三次

以这个文本为例，在循环解析链接标题时间情况，再循环499次并打印输出，约循环7500次，为了避免误差，考虑到CPU资源波动，那么Python程序能够得到的CPU时间就会或多或少，从而导致运行时间变长或变短，所以每种方式运行三次。

当CPU爆满时

运行时间非常慢

当CPU充足时，同样是程序就会非常快

本程序都在CPU充足情况下运行

text ='''<div class="news_list zy_listbox">
                        <!-- 展示15条数据后出现分页 -->
                        <ul>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2565" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-010号</a><span>2024-07-18</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2564" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >单一来源采购公示</a><span>2024-07-15</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2563" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-009号（第二次）</a><span>2024-07-10</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2562" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-009号</a><span>2024-07-05</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2561" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >等保测评询价函</a><span>2024-05-28</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2560" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >单一来源采购公示</a><span>2024-05-24</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2559" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-007号（第二次）</a><span>2024-05-20</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2558" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >单一来源采购公示</a><span>2024-05-16</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2557" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-008号</a><span>2024-05-06</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2556" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >询价函</a><span>2024-04-30</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2555" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-007号</a><span>2024-04-22</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2554" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2023-004号（第二次）</a><span>2024-04-12</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2553" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-006号</a><span>2024-03-29</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2552" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-005号</a><span>2024-03-20</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2551" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-004号</a><span>2024-03-16</span></li>
                            
                        </ul>
                    </div>'''

t= time.time()
selector = Selector(text=text)
for i in range(1,500):
    for l in selector.css('div.news_list>ul>li'):
        print(l.css('a::text').get())
        print(l.css('span::text').get())
        print(l.css('a::attr(href)').get())
css_parse = time.time()-t
print('css_parse用时：',css_parse)

第一次

第二次

第三次

t= time.time()
selector = Selector(text=text)
for i in range(1,500):
    for l in selector.xpath('//div[@class = "news_list zy_listbox"]/ul/li'):
        print(l.xpath('.//a/text()').get())
        print(l.xpath('.//span/text()').get())
        print(l.xpath('.//a/@href').get())
scrapy_xpath_parse = time.time()-t
print('scrapy_xpath_parse用时：',scrapy_xpath_parse)

第一次

第二次

第三次

t= time.time()
selector = etree.HTML(text)
for i in range(1,500):
    for l in selector.xpath('//div[@class = "news_list zy_listbox"]/ul/li'):
        print(l.xpath('.//a/text()')[0])
        print(l.xpath('.//span/text()')[0])
        print(l.xpath('.//a/@href')[0])
xpath_parse = time.time()-t
print('xpath_parse用时：',xpath_parse)

第一次

第二次

第三次

t = time.time()
soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'html.parser')
news_list = soup.select('div.news_list.zy_listbox ul li')
for i in range(1,500):
    for l in news_list:
        print( l.select_one('a').get_text(strip=True))
        print(l.select_one('span').get_text(strip=True))
        print(l.select_one('a')['href'])
bs_parse = time.time() - t
print('bs_parse用时：',bs_parse )

第一次

第二次

第三次

t = time.time()
li = re.findall(' <li><b>·</b>.*?</li>',text)
for l in range(1,500):
    for i in li:
        print(re.search('>(.*?)</a>',i).group(1))
        print(re.search('<span>(.*?)</span>',i).group(1))
        print(re.search('<a href="(.*?)" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >',i).group(1))
re_time = time.time()-t
print('re：',re_time )

第一次

第二次

第三次

经上述程序实验证明，速度排序:

re正则 > lxml xpath > bs4 BeautifulSoup > Scrapy css ≈ Scrapy xpath

在本实验中，并不严谨，除CPU波动外，只选取了一种特定的HTML网页进行速度对比，没有考虑到不同类型和结构的网页对解析速度的影响。例如，网页中若包含大量嵌套的表单、复杂的JavaScript生成的动态内容等，甚至有个html藏在动态接口的json里面，不同解析工具的表现可能会大不相同，这使得实验结果存在一定的局限性。实际应用中还需要根据具体的HTML网页结构、解析需求以及性能指标等多方面因素综合考量，选择最合适的解析工具。

总程序

from lxml import etree
from scrapy import Selector
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import requests
import time
text ='''<div class="news_list zy_listbox">
                        <!-- 展示15条数据后出现分页 -->
                        <ul>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2565" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-010号</a><span>2024-07-18</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2564" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >单一来源采购公示</a><span>2024-07-15</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2563" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-009号（第二次）</a><span>2024-07-10</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2562" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-009号</a><span>2024-07-05</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2561" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >等保测评询价函</a><span>2024-05-28</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2560" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >单一来源采购公示</a><span>2024-05-24</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2559" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-007号（第二次）</a><span>2024-05-20</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2558" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >单一来源采购公示</a><span>2024-05-16</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2557" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-008号</a><span>2024-05-06</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2556" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >询价函</a><span>2024-04-30</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2555" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-007号</a><span>2024-04-22</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2554" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2023-004号（第二次）</a><span>2024-04-12</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2553" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-006号</a><span>2024-03-29</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2552" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-005号</a><span>2024-03-20</span></li>
                                                        <li><b>·</b><a href="/index/Article/detail.html?id=2551" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >青海省生态环境监测中心自行采购2024-004号</a><span>2024-03-16</span></li>
                            
                        </ul>
                    </div>'''
t= time.time()
selector = Selector(text=text)
for i in range(1,500):
    for l in selector.css('div.news_list>ul>li'):
        print(l.css('a::text').get())
        print(l.css('span::text').get())
        print(l.css('a::attr(href)').get())
css_parse = time.time()-t
t= time.time()
selector = Selector(text=text)
for i in range(1,500):
    for l in selector.xpath('//div[@class = "news_list zy_listbox"]/ul/li'):
        print(l.xpath('.//a/text()').get())
        print(l.xpath('.//span/text()').get())
        print(l.xpath('.//a/@href').get())
scrapy_xpath_parse = time.time()-t
t= time.time()
selector = etree.HTML(text)
for i in range(1,500):
    for l in selector.xpath('//div[@class = "news_list zy_listbox"]/ul/li'):
        print(l.xpath('.//a/text()')[0])
        print(l.xpath('.//span/text()')[0])
        print(l.xpath('.//a/@href')[0])
xpath_parse = time.time()-t
t = time.time()
soup = BeautifulSoup(text, 'html.parser')
news_list = soup.select('div.news_list.zy_listbox ul li')
for i in range(1,500):
    for l in news_list:
        print( l.select_one('a').get_text(strip=True))
        print(l.select_one('span').get_text(strip=True))
        print(l.select_one('a')['href'])
bs_parse = time.time() - t
t = time.time()
li = re.findall(' <li><b>·</b>.*?</li>',text)
for l in range(1,500):
    for i in li:
        print(re.search('>(.*?)</a>',i).group(1))
        print(re.search('<span>(.*?)</span>',i).group(1))
        print(re.search('<a href="(.*?)" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >',i).group(1))
re_time = time.time()-t
print('css_parse用时：',css_parse)
print('scrapy_xpath_parse用时：',scrapy_xpath_parse)
print('xpath_parse用时：',xpath_parse)
print('bs_parse用时：',bs_parse )
print('re用时：',re_time )

各时间对比

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